Which of the following is a part of substantive law?

Substantive law refers to the body of law that defines rights, duties, and obligations. It establishes the legal standards that govern how people interact with one another and with the state. The idea is that substantive law outlines the principles that give individuals their rights and dictate what is legally permissible or prohibited.

In this context, the option identifying the rights and duties created by laws accurately exemplifies substantive law because it encompasses the direct legal entitlements and responsibilities that individuals must adhere to. For example, criminal law that defines offenses and their corresponding penalties or civil law that establishes the rights and responsibilities of parties in a contract illustrates substantive law.

Other options refer to procedural aspects rather than substantive principles. For instance, procedures for carrying out legal processes, methods for challenging laws, and regulations for legal practice ethics all deal with how the legal system functions rather than what the substantive rights and responsibilities are. These areas involve the mechanisms and ethical considerations in applying the law but do not directly define the laws themselves.