Which group is NOT allowed to claim privilege in a legal case?

In legal cases, the concept of privilege is designed to protect certain communications from being disclosed in court. Among the different types of privilege, attorney-client privilege is a prominent one, meant to ensure confidentiality between a legal professional and their client.

The opposing party in a litigation scenario does not have the right to claim privilege. Privilege is fundamentally about protecting the confidentiality of a specific relationship—primarily between clients and their legal representatives, as well as certain relationships in other contexts such as doctor-patient or spousal communications.

Those in the professional role involved, the individual in the privileged relationship, and someone acting on behalf of that individual are all potential claimants of the privilege, as they have a vested interest in maintaining the confidentiality of their communications. The opposing party lacks such a connection and therefore cannot assert privilege, which preserves the integrity of the legal process by ensuring that each party contributes to a fair examination of the facts at hand.